LINEAR FUSION REACTOR LINREC

06/20/2018. The formula of the invention "thermonuclear reactor with Z-shaped magnetic field" ("Linrec-Z fusion reactor").
A thermonuclear reactor (a prototype is described in US4172008A patent, 1979, which expired), which uses colliding beams of quasineutral plasma from plasma accelerators to which an electrical potential difference is applied that collide in the center of a vacuum vessel with a longitudinal magnetic field, which differs in that
1. - In the middle of the vacuum vessel there is a limited area in which the magnetic field changes its direction and magnitude (Z-shaped area of the magnetic field). - The operation of the reactor is controlled by an electronic device that determines the start and parameters of the first plasma beam, the start and parameters of the second plasma beam, the start of supply of the high voltage to the first plasma beam and the second plasma beam, the magnetic field on the Z-shaped area in such a way that the head parts of electrically-charged plasma beams is colliding precisely in the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field. - The axis of the first plasma beam does not coincide with the axis of the second beam and is at a certain distance from the axis of the second beam in the plane in which the axis of the magnetic field is shifted in the Z-shaped area, so that between two electrically charged head parts of the opposing plasma beams there is a sufficiently large moment of rotation at the meeting place of these head parts. When two charged plasma beams meet on the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field, there is a rotation of positive electric charges and negative electric charges around their center of mass due to their attraction, strong circular electric currents appear on the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field that create a strong magnetic field that confine the plasma of the opposing plasma beams entering the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field.
2. The same as in paragraph 1, but the electrodes for supplying electrical voltage to the plasma beams are inside the vacuum vessel.
3. The same as in step 1, but the end of the plasma accelerator is inside the vacuum vessel.
4. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of metal electrodes for applying voltage to plasma beams, plasma electrodes are used.
5. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of metal electrodes for applying voltage to plasma beams, parts of the plasma accelerators themselves are used.
6. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of the deuterium-tritium mixture, deuterium or hydrogen is used, and the energy released in the reactor is absorbed into the blanket surrounding the vacuum vessel, and then diverted to the turbogenerator of electricity.
7. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of the deuterium-tritium mixture, a mixture of boron-11 and hydrogen is used, and the energy of the high-energy helium nuclei released in the reactor is converted into electrical energy directly in the magnetohydrodynamic generator (aneutronic process).
8. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of a deuterium-tritium mixture, a heavy elements plasma is used to transmute the elements and produce expensive and rare elements from common ones.
9. The same as in paragraph 1, but the vacuum vessel together with the solenoid surrounding it has a Z-shaped bend to create a Z-shaped area of the magnetic field.
10. The same as in paragraph 1, but in the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field there are additional solenoids for changing the configuration of the magnetic field in the Z-shaped area.
11. The same as in paragraph 1, but plasma accelerators are installed on moving platforms to change the distance between their axes.
12. The same as in paragraph 1, but the axes of the first and second plasma beam are shifted not in the plane in which the axis of the magnetic field is shifted in the Z-shaped area, but in the perpendicular plane.
13. The same as in paragraph 1, but instead of a vacuum vessel a gas-filled vessel is used, plasma accelerators and plasma beams are absent, and the cathode and anode are shifted relative to the axis of the vessel in the plane of Z-shaped bend of the magnetic field, so that the meeting of positive and negative charges occur on the Z-shaped area.
14. The same as in paragraph 1, but during the generation of plasma beams after the first applying of electrical voltage to the plasma beams, then a few more times electrical voltage are applied to the plasma beams.

06/20/2018. Brief description of the invention "thermonuclear reactor with Z-shaped magnetic field" ("Linrec-Z fusion reactor").
1. Field of the invention. The invention relates to the field of fusion energetics, namely to the field of thermonuclear reactors. This is a promising area of ​​energy, which uses the releasing of huge energy during the fusion of light-element nuclei, such as hydrogen, deuterium, tritium, helium-3, lithium, boron. In connection with unlimited fuel and ecological purity, thermonuclear energy is rightly considered the energy of the future.
2. Description of the Prior Art. At the moment, there is no one thermonuclear reactor that produces more electricity than it consumes. In the world there are many designs of fusion reactors, as well as many experimental installations of thermonuclear reactors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fusion_experiments. However, none of these reactors produce electricity for the electric grid, especially on an industrial scale. The problem is that in the existing reactors the necessary Lawson criterion (the product of the concentration of nuclei for the retention time n * t) is not achieved. The minimum value of the Lawson criterion for the deuterium-tritium mixture is 2 * 10 ^ 20 s / cubic meter. For thermonuclear reactors with colliding plasma beams, the Lawson criterion is determined by the beam density (for the most powerful electrodynamic plasma accelerators http://www.triniti.ru/Plasmaaccel.html the best result is 10 ^ 22 nuclei / cubic meter), the best result for beam duration is 500 microseconds ( although simultaneously these parameters are unattainable). Thus, without confinement the Lawson criterion is unattainable, to achieve this criterion, the parameters of plasma accelerators need to be improved hundreds of times and more. Confinement in linear open traps leads to plasma leakage in the longitudinal direction, along the axis of the longitudinal magnetic field.
3. Summary of the invention. To increase the density of plasma and increase the confinement time, a new thermonuclear reactor, Linrec-Z, is used. It is a vacuum tube from 1 meter long and up to tens of meters in diameter from tens of centimeters to a meter, depending on the power of the reactor. Although, in the future, in the miniaturization of plasma accelerators, the length of the tube and its diameter up to 10 centimeters are possible. A longitudinal magnetic field has been created in the tube with magnitude from several parts of Tesla to several Tesla. In the middle, this field has a Z-shaped bend, so that the axis of the field is shifted from a centimeter to several tens of centimeters. The axes of plasma accelerators are also shifted relative to each other by a distance of the same order in the same plane. Thus, when the plasma beams meet, they have a large moment of rotation. High voltage is applied to the beams (from tens of kilovolts to megavolts). When the heads of charged plasma beams meet in a Z-shaped area, the nuclei and electrons with high speed, attracted to each other, start to rotate about the center of mass by inertia. Thus, circular currents arise in the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field, the magnitude of which is comparable to the discharge current in the plasma, i.e., mega-amperes and more. These circular currents create a huge magnetic field in the Z-shaped bend, tens and hundreds of Tesla, which trap and confine the high-energy plasma entering the Z-shaped bend. Thus, the density of the plasma increases by a factor of hundreds with respect to the initial density of the beam, since all the plasma from the beams of several meters long and several tens of meters is confined in a limited area a few centimeters or several dozen centimeters in size. In addition, the electric discharge itself compresses the plasma beams, reducing the diameter of the beams by several times and increasing the concentration of the nuclei in the beam. Circular currents in the Z-shaped area of the magnetic field are damped, their decay time depends on the configuration of the magnetic field in the Z-shaped bend and on the initial parameters of the beams. In any case, their decay time is much longer than the time of the plasma pulse itself, and thus the plasma confinement time increases from microseconds to milliseconds and seconds, which is already sufficient for multiple exceeding of Lawson's criterion. An example and proof of prolonged plasma confinement with the help of strong circular currents is a ball lightning that lives minutes and even hours. A ball lightning is formed by a similar mechanism, when charges in linear lightning do not collide in a straight line, but in a Z-shaped bend of linear lightning, and begin to rotate relative to the center of mass. There can be no other explanation for the appearance of circular currents in ball lightning, since a strong linear current of linear lightning can be converted into a circular current of ball lightning only when fast-moving electric charges meet, which have a large moment of rotation relative to the center of mass.
4. Implementation of the invention. As described above, the efficiency of a thermonuclear reactor with Z-shaped magnetic fieldis achieved with the existing level of plasma accelerators. The cost of such a reactor is small, since, besides of using two existing plasma accelerators, it is enough to change the configuration of the magnetic field in a vacuum vessel and create an electronic device for controlling parameters. The fact, that the implementation of the Linrec-Z fusion reactor is feasible and effective in industry, is proved by the existence of ball lightning, which is formed by a principle similar to that described in the description of the invention "Linrec-Z fusion reactor" (rotation of rapidly moving electric charges in meeting area in a Z-shaped bend of an electric discharge).


The description of the invention according to the requirements of Ukrpatent -
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sydanU1L6vBZLjoiAhzq5tqT-zNl-DNH/view
(in Ukrainian)

The claims according to the requirements of Ukrpatent -
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LhiHmny_blbPS1w2xmxFcu6zWBIKy0cY/view
(in Ukrainian)

© Anatolii Ivanovich Kharchenko, 2018

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