LINEAR FUSION REACTOR LINREC-Z

06/22/2018.

The mystery of the ball lightning is solved!

At the moment (June 22, 2018), the phenomenon of ball lightning is considered inexplicable. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_lightning
In the course of my theoretical work on the new thermonuclear reactor Linrec-Z, I found the mechanism by which ball lightning is formed.

First, it must be explained that for high-temperature plasma the most modern and most accurate computations with the help of supercomputers are not true - high-temperature plasma is unpredictable in principle because of unpredictable collective behavior of a huge set of charged particles. For example, in experiments with thermonuclear reactors, experimental data always differ substantially from those predicted theoretically.
Therefore, I will explain how a ball lightning is formed, with the help of logic and elementary physics, wich is understandable even to the student.
Obviously, the ball lightning is a plasma. Plasma can be retained in a limited space during several minutes only by a magnetic field. It is obvious that the magnetic field that holds the plasma in the ball lightning is an internal field. And the currents that create a magnetic field in the sphere of ball lightning can only be circular currents. In addition, these currents are so strong that they hold the plasma for minutes at a sufficiently high temperature.
This is enough to explain how the ball lightning is formed!

Strong circular currents can occur only when a strong current of ordinary linear lightning turns into a circular current during a thunderstorm. Such a transformation is possible only if the positive charge and the negative charge moving towards each other in the ionized lightning channel at the main discharge are not colliding in the linear straight area of the lightning, but on the Z-shaped area of the ionized channel (the leader of the lightning). In this case, the charges in the meeting area have a large moment of rotation, and they start in any case to rotate around their center of mass. This is the origin of circular currents that create a strong magnetic field. It is these circular currents that are the basis of ball lightning!
The current in the lightning during the main discharge is hundreds of kiloamperes, and at the meeting area of charges it is even greater due to the attraction of charges and their acceleration at the meeting point. Accordingly, the magnetic field of such currents at a distance of about a centimeter is tens and hundreds of Tesla. Such a field is capable to confine the plasma at temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees.

The exact configuration of the circular currents inside the ball lightning is still unknown, but my hypothesis is the following. Positive charges (ions and nuclei that formed ball lightning) move in a circle with a smaller radius than electrons, around their center of mass, in the same direction as the electrons. The charges of these currents are attracted, but the currents themselves repel, since they are currents of different directions. Thus, an equilibrium is created, and these currents can exist for a long time.

There is another hypothesis of the ball lightning model that arose according to the mechanism indicated here when opposite charges meet with a large angular momentum is the presence of a positively charged central part consisting of ions and an outer shell of rapidly rotating relativistic electrons, which create such a strong magnetic field near the electron spherical layer that it holds a positive charge in the center and limits the access of atmospheric air from the outside.

It should be noted that there are mathematical calculations for the model of ball lightning, the core of which is ring and spiral currents, for example, the calculation of M. Baranov - http://web.archive.org/web/20190903115730/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/usovershenstvovanie-mikrodipolnoy-modeli-sharovoy-molnii-i-elektrodinamicheskoe-razvitie-teorii-etogo-yavleniya .

But this calculation proceeds from the fact that these ring and spiral currents form around the linear lightning channel during a discharge, and not as a result of the meeting of opposite charges with a large angular momentum.

So, ball lightning arises when different electric charges at the main discharge of ordinary lightning meet not in a straight area, but at the bend of the leader of the lightning, in the Z-shaped area of lightning, and circular currents are formed. That is why ball lightning does not occur with every ordinary lightning, but very rarely.

My invention of the "thermonuclear reactor with Z-shaped magnetic field Linrec-Z" is in fact the creation of ball lightning in artificial and more favorable than natural conditions. http://a9414495.eu5.org/linrec/linrec2.JPG

And ball lightning is an experiment that nature itself posed. And this natural experiment proves that the thermonuclear reactor with Z-shaped magnetic field Linrec-Z really works and is efficient and industrial!

It should be noted that when calculating thermonuclear reactors, no theoretical proofs can be considered reliable, even those obtained using supercomputers and the most recent achievements of mathematics and physics. The fact is that high-temperature plasma, in which thermonuclear reactions occur (temperatures of hundreds of millions and billions of degrees), cannot be accurately calculated and predicted in principle. This is because this plasma consists of a huge number of charged moving particles, nuclei and electrons, each of which interacts with each other. Therefore, the only proof of the effectiveness of a fusion reactor design can only be a successful experiment. In the case of the Linrec-Z reactor, nature itself set up a natural experiment in the form of ball lightning during a thunderstorm. Natural ball lightning can be formed only by the same principle, which is the basis of the Linrec-Z thermonuclear reactor, namely the appearance of super-strong circular currents when electric charges meet with a large angular momentum. The unique recording of ball lightning by Chinese scientists in 2012 (https://physics.aps.org/articles/v7/5 , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260004540_Observation_of_the_Optical_and_Spectral_Characteristics_of_Ball_Lightning do not contradict this explanation, and the Linrec-Z principle fully explains the presence of soil ions in ball lightning.

The presence of silicon, iron, calcium ions in ball lightning, discovered in 2012 by Chinese scientists, can only be explained that ball lightning is formed from carriers of positive charges that rise from the soil from the surface of the earth when discharged. That is, ball lightning is formed upon the meeting of positive charges flying through the lightning leader from the earth (ions and nuclei of silicon, calcium, iron), and electrons flying through the lightning leader from above from the cloud. And this fact is fully consistent with the explanation given here and once again proves the efficiency of the Linrec-Z reactor. The fact recorded by Chinese scientists that ball lightning occurred during the discharge of ordinary linear cloud-to-ground lightning near the surface of the earth is fully explained by the theory of the occurrence of ball lightning at the meeting point of opposite charges during discharge (the ratio of the mass of an electron to the average mass of an ion flying from the surface of the earth - about 1 to 100,000, so the meeting of charges in linear lightning occurs near the surface of the earth, and relativistic corrections play a significant role).


© Anatolii Ivanoivich Kharchenko, 2018

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